MS and MSBP an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

MS and MSBP by Expert Prof Solphie | 16 Dec 2016 Abstract Need essay sample on "MS and MSBP" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This research paper is about the signs and symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, treatment ,prognosis and prevention of Munchausen Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Munchausen Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy Munchausen syndrome (MS) is defined by Murray (1997) as characterized by a patients chronic and relentless pursuit of medical treatment for combinations of symptoms of consciously self-inflicted injury and falsely reported symptomatology (p.1). Unlike malingerers, these patients are symptomatic not because they want to avoid a certain commitment or responsibility, but because the attention and care provides some sort of satisfaction for a psychological need. On the other hand, Murray (1997) defines Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy (MSBP) as a form of child abuse (p.1), wherein the parents induces medical illnesses in ones child in order to obtain medical attention for the child or in times, the parent themselves. Etiology and Diagnosis The term Munchausen Syndrome, according to Wikipedia (2006) was first used in medical literature by Richard Asher in 1951, a British Psychiatrist who dealt with self-abuse patients made up stories of their medical condition. He found similarity between these patients that tell amazing tales of their medical condition with that of Baron Munchausen. Baron Karl Friedrich von Mnchhausen, a German serving the Russian military in 1750 (Wikipedia, 2006), told of his amazing adventures during the war with the Turks. Though they may have truth in them, exaggeration of the account has been made in publishing The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, thus the similarity with MS patients. After twenty-six years from when Asher first used the term, in 1977, Dr. Roy Meadow, an English pediatrician used Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy to describe a form of child abuse where mothers deliberately induce or deceptively reported sickness of their children in order to gain attention for themselves of their child. People Usually Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write paper for me? Essay writers advise: Contact Us To Get Your Essay Custom Essay Writing Company Writing Paper Online To Write Write My Assignment For Me Essay Writer Service A leading American Psychiatrists, Dr. Charles Ford summarizes the work of several colleagues in a list of potential etiologies for MS (1996, p. 164). The earliest observed reason for demonstrating Munchausen behavior was to seek for food and shelter by the homeless. Thus, being hospitalized meant a place to stay. Some would have the desire for a specific drug and thus would display symptoms of a specific illness. Sometimes the motivation of MS patients would be just to fool the physician into administering the drug. In which case a deeper psychological etiology suggest those that have a need for attention, seek gratification from dependency or those that derive satisfaction at being respected, important, and powerful. Ford (1996) provides an example of a woman who is an official of World Health Organization who had the responsibility of caring for children displaced by war (p. 166). She would tell stories about her work that health care providers would spend time on her bedside and openly admire her. Persons with Munchausen syndrome frequently have a poor sense of self. By portraying ones pseudologia fantastica, falsely elaborating symptoms and histories (Murray, 1997, p.1) the patient obtains satisfaction from assuming fantastic roles of famous athlete, leading professional or a jetsetter and enjoys being the center of medical attention. A minority of the MS patients suffers from cerebral dysfunction as evidenced by pseudologia fantastica in that they have greater verbal ability than logical or organizational. MSBP is usually diagnosed by physicians in hospitals and school settings and are usually referred to psychologists afterwards. Common symptoms include seizures, allergies, apnea, diarrhea, vomiting and combinations of factitious diseases ((Kahan Stern, 1980) Murray, 1997). Starvation, suffocation, inflicted vaginal/ rectal injuries in order to produce bleeding, altered laboratory reports, adding fat to stool collection, putting parents blood into urine and the injection of contaminated material intravenously, are some of the mechanisms employed by MSBP cases (( Mehl et al., 1990; Pearl, 1995) Murray, 1997). Treatment, Prognosis and Prevention Because MS is a complex disorder, often diagnosed after extensive historical investigation, the treatment is also difficult. Because of its very nature, the need to be perpetually sick and attended to, MS patients will often resist treatment. The have the ability to move from one hospital to another if the diagnosis and treatment is not favorable. Nevertheless, if the attending physician suspects MS in a patient, the immediate treatment is to manage the symptoms to avoid major, invasive operations. Handling of the patient should be objective by directly articulating diagnosis to the patient and supporting family member. Any legitimate illness must be dealt with Patients with a factitious disorder should be confronted with the diagnosis without suggesting guilt or reproach. The physician must address the legitimate illness, but at the same time tackle the psychological problem. He must gain his patients cooperation to the road for treatment. The prognosis of MS patients can cause serious illness, especially if the illness will require multiple invasive procedures. Negative repercussions of prolonged and frequent hospitalizations affect ones means of living, family responsibilities and community involvement. For victims of MSBP, the frailty of their young bodies may take a toll on multiple illnesses and may lead to eventual death. Those who survive and mature may suffer developmental problems and psychological difficulties later in life. With the modernization of medical documentation, it is now possible to share medical records among hospitals, which allow detecting possible MS patients and preventing their disorder. Limiting admission of patients may be the immediate answer, though they should be referred to a psychologist for treatment. MSBP children should immediately be removed from the custody of the abusive parent and be provided a psychologically stable guardian. References Baron Munchhausen (2006). Wikipedia. GNU Free Documentation License. March 16, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Munchhausen. Ford, C. V. (1996). Lies!, Lies!!, Lies!!! The Psychology of Deceit. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Retrieved March 25, 2006, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87111665 Ford-Martin, P. ( 2002). Munchausen Syndrome. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. USA: The Gale Group. Retrieved on March 24, 2006 at http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/munchausen_syndrome.jsp. Kelleher, M. D., & Kelleher, C. L. (1998). Murder Most Rare The Female Serial Killer. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved March 26, 2006, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14217482 Munchausen Syndrome. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Accessed on March 25, 2006 at http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section15/chapter185/185d.jsp Munchausen Syndrome (2006). Wikipedia. GNU Free Documentation License. March 24, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchausen_syndrome. Murray, J. B. (1997). Munchausen Syndrome/Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Journal of Psychology, 131(3), 343-352. Retrieved March 26, 2006, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=76932229

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Letter From Birmingham Jail essays

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Letter From Birmingham Jail essays The Letter From Birmingham Jail written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., on April 16, 1963, is (and was) more than a mere response to questions posed by eight members of the clergy, all of them Caucasian in ethnicity. The letter in fact was a kind of manifesto for basic human rights under the Constitution of the United States. It is thought of today by many scholars with perfect validation as the most powerful justification, explanation, and motivation for the Civil Rights Movement. Although Kings I Have a Dream speech in Washington, D.C., is probably more well-known (and offered more soaring rhetoric, more memorable lines), it cannot compare to the point-by-point scholarship and theological craftsmanship that went into Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail (hereafter referred to as Letter). Indeed, the Letter is viewed today as far more than an answer to questions posed by members of the Alabama clergy, or as a reasoned response to Alabama Governor George Wallaces militant 1963 pronouncement at his inauguration that he would defy federal law and not permit integration of public schools. In the Letter, King explains to the clergymen why, as an outsider coming in, he made the decision to take part in the Birmingham demonstrations; I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere, King went on, is a threat to justice everywhere. As to the social and racial injustices King is speaking of, a bit of background into conditions in the South and specifically, in Alabama is worthy of some space in this paper. In fact, just a few years prior to the civil rights activism in Birmingham (that saw King arrested and placed in a jail), the lynching of African Americans in Alabama was not uncommon. The New York Times (August 30, 1933) reported that two Negroes were found lynched near...

Human Biology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Biology - Coursework Example When it comes to the number of chromosomes, the number of nucleus is still the same in mitosis but meiosis contains a haploid number of chromosomes. There is also no exchange of DNA between chromosomes in mitosis while in meiosis, there is at least one cross-over. Transcription is simply a process where genetic information from DNA is transcribed into RNA.This process is important especially when producing proteins.DNA proteins cannot be directly changed into proteins that is why translation to RNA is important. Darwin popularized the theory of evolution and process of natural selection where only the fittest specie would survive. Some animals have evolved and changed their physical features in order to survive the environment. Lamarck on the other hand is known for the Theory of Inherited Characteristics. He said that the off springs of animals would be the one to manifest adaptation to the environment as passed to them by their parents. There are four critical elements namely: variation, inheritance, High rate of population growth, and differential survival and reproduction. A fine example would be the some bacteria increasing resistance to drugs in order to survive. In Eukaryota we have mushrooms and other fungi. Eubacteria includes streptococci which cause strep throat infections and other disease causing bacteria. Helpful bacteria like yogurt is also an example. Archae are only found in environments where there are no oxygen present. There are several traits of primates that makes them different, namely : they feed their young with milk, give birth to live babies, warm-blooded, color vision and have a complicated social organization. Ecology is the discipline that deals with studying the relationships of organisms to one another as well as their surroundings. Ecosystem is the biological environment that contains all the living organisms. Example of an ecological set-up is a lake where fishes and other living things

Bullying in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bullying in USA - Essay Example This percentage amounts to about 5.7 million U.S teens. (National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center). A common misconception about bullying, is that bullies behave and act out to hide feelings of insecurities or self hatred. Studies have found this to be a misconception. In fact, studies have indicated that bullies are quite confident and use violence and physical aggression to achieve their wishes. Most bullies are hot tempered and easily provoked. They tend to prey on smaller, weaker individuals as a means of gaining control over that individual or individuals. (National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center). As far as gender oriented bullying goes, males are more likely to bully both male and female targets while female bullies are more likely to only target other females. Female targets are more likely to endure sexual comments from male bullies and male targets are more likely to suffer physical abuse at the hand of other males who are bullying. Bullies tend to fit a profile of making poor grades, frequent disciplinary actions due to misbehavior, a dislike for school and a propensity for drinking and smoking. The actions of parents may play a major role in whether or not their children engage in bullying behavior. Parental guidance that is extremely lacks or extremely rigid can lead to their teens becoming bullies. Also, lack of emotional support and loving home environments can also lead to teens becoming bullies. Lack of parental supervision or involvement in a child’s life is another factor in whether or not a teen becomes a bully. Parents who are involved in a positive way, in their teen’s life, reduce the chances of having a teen that bullies others. Teens that tend to be insecure, anxious and lacking in social skills are at risk for being bullied. Teens that fit this profile are often the victim of bullies, â€Å"One study found that the most

Federal Express Canada Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Federal Express Canada Analysis - Case Study Example Contents Contents 3 Background 4 Statement of Problem(s) or Statement of Issue(s) 4 Situation Analysis 5 Marketing Mix 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Environmental Analysis 7 Analysis of alternatives 7 Recommendation(s) 7 Implementation or Action Plan 8 Reference 8 Background The case study revolves around FedEx’s customer service that it provides to its customer and need of assistance provided by the customers care. FedEx is one of the leaders in the air express cargo transportation and its business is based on the philosophy that â€Å"when people are placed first they will provide the highest possible services and the profits will follow†. FedEx is known to be a reliable shipper and is committed to get the package of its customers irrespective of the size to the required destination on time. The present case study analysis is based on the customer service of FedEx which they showed towards a small company by the name of Desktop Innovation. Anita Kilgour who was the office manager in Desktop Innovation had shipped two packets from Kitchener, Ontario to Simpsonville, South Carolina through FedEx. But only one of the two packets was received and there were no whereabouts about the second packets. Statement of Problem(s) or Statement of Issue(s) FedEx which was known for its services and has received many awards for its excellent services in the past but Anita was really disappointed with the way the company handled the situation. With respect to the case of Anita and her company Desktop Innovation, the main problem lied with FedEx was its customer service. Despite of Anita calling them several times to keep a track of the packets and to know about the whereabouts of the missing packets, the customer service department was least interests in informing her and the company about the missing packet and as promised they never called Anita back to provide the information. As stated by Anita that the customer service policies needs to be given an in dept analysis was however true for the situation where Anita and her company had to face issues because of FedEx. Situation Analysis Marketing Mix The marketing mix constitutes of four Ps but since Federal Express is a service industry, the marketing mix would include the remaining three Ps also that is all in 7 Ps. Thus the 7Ps are Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence. Product/ Services: FedEx is a courier service industry and delivers the couriers to the required destinations ion time and it has been known for its on time delivery system. Other services includes packaging and shipping of the products, hold at the location, local delivery, laptop docking stations, hotels and conventions and also provides services such as scanning, fax, passport and other office suppliers (FedEx, 2012). The products of FedEx includes posters, banners, displays and frames, cards and calendar, design services to name a few products (FedEx, 2012). Price: FedEx charges a premium price for its services from its customers. It also provides booking facility through the internet so that customer can book at an ease and at any point of time. Place: FedEx is geographically scattered all over the globe and provide services 24*7. FedEx is located in Asia, Europe, Middle East, Africa, North America and Latin America.

Benefits of Positive Relationships in Childcare Setting

Benefits of Positive Relationships in Childcare Setting Farah Rehman 1. Recognise how positive relationships promote children’s- well -being Building positive relationships with young children is an essential task and a foundational component of good teaching. All children grow and thrive in the context of close and dependable relationships that provide love and nurturance, security, and responsive interactions. A positive adult-child relationship built on trust, understanding, and caring will foster children’s cooperation and motivation and increase their positive outcomes at school (Webster-Stratton, 1999). Good. In a review of empirically derived risk and protective factors associated with academic and behavioural problems at the beginning of school, Huffman et al. 2000) identified that having a positive preschool experience and a warm and open relationship with their teacher or child care provider are important protective factors for young children. These protective factors operate to produce direct, ameliorative effects for children in at-risk situations (Luthar, 1993). Next, we describe some of the key ingred ients for relationship building. In order for adults to build meaningful positive relationships with children, it is essential to gain a thorough understanding of children’s preferences, interests, background, and culture. For very young children and children with special needs, this information is most often accessed by observing what children do and by speaking directly to parents and other caregivers. With this information, adults can ensure that their play with children is fun, that the content of their conversations is relevant, and those they communicate respect for children’s origins. Whenever possible, this kind of information exchange should be as reciprocal as possible. That is, adults should be sharing their own interests, likes, backgrounds, and origins with children as well. Good. Practical Strategies for Building Positive Relationships †¢ Distribute interest surveys that parents fill out about their child †¢ Greet every child at the door by name †¢ Follow a child’s lead during play †¢ Have a conversation over snack †¢ Conduct home visits †¢ Listen to a child’s ideas and stories and be an appreciative audience †¢ Send positive notes home †¢ Provide praise and encouragement †¢ Share information about yourself and find something in common with the child †¢ Ask children to bring in family photos and give them an opportunity to share it with you and their peers †¢ Post children’s work †¢ Have a â€Å"Star† of the week who brings in special things from home and gets to share them during circle time †¢ Acknowledge a child’s effort †¢ Give compliments liberally †¢ Call a child’s parents to say what a great day she or he having in front of the child †¢ Find out what a child’s favourite book is and read it to the whole class †¢ Have sharing days †¢ Make â€Å"all about me† books and share them at circle time †¢ Write all of the special things about A child on a T-shirt and let him or her wear it †¢ Play a game with a child †¢ Play outside with a child †¢ Ride the bus with a child †¢ Go to an extracurricular activity with the child †¢ Learn a child’s home language †¢ Give hugs, high fives, and thumbs up for accomplishing tasks †¢ Hold a child’s hand †¢ Call a child after a bad day and say â€Å"I’m sorry we had a bad day today – I know tomorrow is going to be better!† †¢ Tell a child how much he or she was missed Some useful techniques that can be applied. Although this knowledge is good, I would have liked you to focus more on the benefits to children of different types of relationships, such as friendships etc. 2. Analyse the importance of the key worker system for children â€Å"Key Worker†. The â€Å"Key Person† role is to build positive relationships with particular children, and work closely with the families of those children. The term â€Å"Key Worker† refers to a role which involves communicating with different professionals to ensure that services coordinate and to work at a more systemic, strategic level within nurseries (Elfer, Goldschmied Selleck, 2005). The â€Å"Key Person† role is the focus of this particular study. The current government guidance on the role of the Key Person seems to place great weight on attachment theory as a driving point for the development of positive relationships in the Early Years. It is important to note that this research does not seek to examine different â€Å"attachment types†. Rather, it seeks to understand the adults’ perceptions of their roles in Early Years settings and the ways in which they ensure positive experiences for their key children. However, attachment theory, as the theoretical foundations of this study, cannot be ignored. John Bowlby’s (1969) theory of infant attachment sought to understand the relationships between infants and their caregivers. Further developments through Bell and Ainsworth’s (1970) Strange Situation led to the identification of attachment types, and a plethora of studies researching the relationships between these types and a child’s future development. Recognition of the impact of early attac hments on outcomes for children as they develop is well established as noted by Thompson (2008). Thompson looks at factors most directly associated with Bowlby’s original ideas, for example; relationship functioning, emotional regulation and social-cognitive capabilities. The conclusion is that the literature continues to support the argument that children labelled as ‘securely attached’ experience more positive outcomes in many areas. Thompson notes that the reasons behind this are not clear, though he draws attention to the literature which suggests sensitivity is an important factor. This may be quite relevant to understanding the relationships between Key Persons and children in Early Years settings, as the Key Person’s sensitivity to the child’s needs may be paramount to the dynamics of their relationship. Current guidance and the EYFS Good points highlighted above and relevant link made to attachment theory. As mentioned previously, attachment theory appears to have had a rather significant impact on current guidance, policies and practice with children and young people (Slater, 2007). It is also integral to the work of agencies such as Sure Start and social care. In order to understand what some practitioners may already know, it seems important to review some of the guidance that the government provides for early education settings. The Department for Education have recently changed the information on their website; however, following a recent consultation on the EYFS, there does not seem to be any indication of significant change to the Key Person role. Information previously available stated that: †¢ â€Å"A Key Person helps the baby or child to become familiar with the setting and To feel confident and safe within it. †¢ A Key Person develops a genuine bond with children and offers a settled, Close relationship. †¢ When children feel happy and secure in this way they are confident to explore and to try out new things. †¢ Even when children are older and can hold special people in mind for longer there is still a need for them to have a Key Person to depend on in the setting, such as their teacher or a teaching assistant.† – These guidelines came under the â€Å"Positive Relationships† principle, and whilst online access to this has now been archived, the translation of these points in to practice formed the initial focus of this piece of research. Due to this, they have remained within this paper. 3) Explain the benefits of building positive partnership with parents for children’s learning and development. When staff shares positive bonds with children’s families, it helps the staff feel more connected, valued, rewarded and appreciated. Staff can more easily respond to children’s needs by understanding a child’s relationship with their parents, carers and siblings. Staff can also develop a deeper understanding of how each family would like their child to be raised. Having a ‘bigger picture’ of a child’s world allows staff to relate to children in a way that makes them feel understood which then strengthens relationships. Relationships and partnerships assist staff feel confident and satisfied in their role of supporting the child and their development. Good points. Mutual benefits of partnerships Working together can help families and staff trust one another and communicate openly. When information is shared, families and staff are able to gain a deeper understanding of: how to work together to support children children’s behaviour at home and at the early childhood service the most effective ways to support children’s learning what children enjoy and what their strengths are resources for addressing children’s difficulties. Interacting within a partnership helps Families and staff: feel welcome, respected and valued feel comfortable, confident and supported in their roles feel a sense of satisfaction from the trust others place in them work through differences, allowing adults to continue working together to support children benefit from the resources, ideas and energy that others provide benefit from shared decision-making see things from other people’s perspective develop strong connections with children 9) feel a sense of satisfaction when children explore, learn and develop their skills 10) have more opportunities to discuss child development Babies and young children learn to be strong and independent through loving and secure relationships with parents and carers and other family members such as grandparents. When children are looked after outside the home they can develop security and independence through having a key person to care for them. Children’s learning is helped when they feel safe and secure and when their parents and the people in settings they attend work together to ensure that the child’s needs are met. A key person such as a child minder provides a reassuring link with home so that children can cope with being separated from the special people in their lives. Attachments are the emotional bonds that are made between young children, their parents and other cares such as the Key Person. All of these important people have a special role to play in providing the right kind of environment for children where they will flourish. Environments are not just physical spaces because they are the atmosphere created through warm and caring relationships, where children are respected and valued and their well-being comes before anything else. In these environments children’s voices are listened to and they thrive socially and emotionally. Describe how to develop positive relationships within the early years setting, making reference to principles of effective communication Effective communication with both children and parents are very important in order to develop positive relationships. Children who feel valued and who enjoy being with you will respond better. Due to this, they are likely to enjoy playing and learning and are more likely to behave well. The basis of forming a relationship with children is to consider what their needs may be and to adapt the way in which you work to meet these needs. It is important to recognise if children have any difficulties in communication. There are many types of difficulties that need to be recognized: Speech and language delay Dyspraxia Muscle weakness or deformity Emotional problems Ear infection Expressive difficulties Receptive difficulties Stuttering Children who have difficulties in communication should be supported. The practioner should: Be patient Allow children time and space in which to speak Do not talk over children Do not speak for the child Do not interrupt the child Consider using pictures for children so they can communicate their needs.

Stephen Cranes The Open Boat Essay -- Stephen Crane Open Boat Essays

Stephen Crane's The Open Boat Humanity often tends to see itself as being somehow important in the grand scheme of the Universe. We speak of 'fate' as if we were put here for some reason, or purpose. We have our religions, which often serve as an engine to drive our lives and as a means to give meaning to them. But why do we think of ourselves in such a superior fashion? Do we really matter at all? Would the Universe stop if we were suddenly taken away? In his short story, 'The Open Boat,' Stephen Crane shows us a Universe totally unconcerned with the affairs of humankind; it is an indifferent Universe in which Man has to struggle to survive. The characters in the story come face to face with this indifference and are nearly overcome by Nature's lack of concern. They survive only through persistence and cooperation. All we have, Crane asserts, in our constant struggle for survival, is 'stubborn pride--and each other.' The story opens with four men, known simply as the captain, the oiler, the correspondent, and the cook, stranded in the ocean in a small boat. Crane's descriptions in these opening scenes show right away the antagonism of the men and the sea and nature's lack of concern for their tragedy: 'The birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey, for the wrath of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens a thousand miles inland.'(2) The men are in a desperate situation, but nature continues in its way...

Legal and Ethical Issues in Childcare Essay

PART A: TERM PAPER QUESTIONS & ANSWERS – LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN CHILDCARE 1)Record the relevant government agency that deals with child protection in your state – South Australia. The South Australia Department for Families and Communities (DFC) is responsible for child protection among other things. (COAG) Families SA runs the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478. The Report Line is the focal point where all child protection concerns are to be reported. There are three teams in operation during these times. 1)The standard Child Abuse Report Line team is made up of social workers. For the sake of integrity all mandatory notifications are reviewed on the day by senior social workers. 2)Aboriginal Family Practitioners man the Yaitya Tirramangkotti Line. 3)A special team was created called DART (The Diversionary Assessment Response Team) to provide help to notifiers to assess whether their concern needs to be reported. It also refers people to other resources they can use to assist the child and their family. 2)A] What are the legal requirements for ‘Mandatory Reporting’ in South Australia for staff working in a children’s service? B] Who is legally obligated to make a notification when they have grounds to believe that a child is at risk of harm? A] The legal requirements for â€Å"Mandatory Reporting’ in South Australia are that if a person reasonably suspects that a child has previously been, or is still being abused or neglected from observations during the course of their work (whether paid or voluntary) or in the process of carrying out their official duties, then the person must notify the Department of that suspicion as soon as possible after they suspect abuse is occurring. B] As outlined under the Children’s Protection Act 1993 – S.A., the people legally obligated to make a notification when they have grounds to believe that a child is at risk of harm are: (a) a medical practitioner; (b) a pharmacist; (c) a registered or enrolled nurse; (d) a dentist; (e) a psychologist; (f) a police officer; (g) a community corrections officer (an officer or employee of an administrative unit of the Public Service whose duties include the supervision of young or adult offenders in the community); (h) a social worker; (i) a minister of religion; (j) a person who is an employee of, or volunteer in, an organisation formed for religious or spiritual purposes; (k) a teacher in an educational institution (including a kindergarten); (l) an approved family day care provider; (m) any other person who is an employee of, or volunteer in, a Government department, agency or instrumentality, or a local government or non-government organisation, that provides health, welfare, education, sporting or recreational, child care or residential services wholly or partly for children, being a person who—(i) is engaged in the actual delivery of those services to children; or (ii) holds a management position in the relevant organisation the duties of which include direct responsibility for, or direct supervision of, the provision of those services to children. It is important to remember that under the law you are only mandated within your professional context. In relation to your experiences after hours you have no mandate to report, however you may consider that you have an ethical duty to do so (DECD). 3) List the relevant policies and procedures from your service relating to child protection and responding to children at risk of harm. At our centre we have access to physical copies (or via the intranet) of various policies and procedures relating to child protection and responding to children at risk of harm. These policies may come from several sources, namely International, National, State, GoodStart or they may be specific to our centre: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC – 1990) Early Childhood Development Steering Committee, National Quality Standard for Early Childhood Education and Care and School Age Care, Council of Australian Governments, (COAG) (December 2009), specifically Quality Area 2 – Children’s Health and Safety, incorporating 2.3.4 â€Å"Action is taken to respond to every child at risk of abuse and or neglect†. Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) (2012) Responding to Children and Young People’s Disclosures of Abuse (September 2011) National Child Protection Clearing House – Practice Brief Early Childhood Australia – Code of Ethics Children’s Protection Act 1993 S.A. Children’s Protection Regulations (2006) GoodStart Early Learning Policy Number CO-3 Child Protection and Risk Management (November 2010). GoodStart Early Learning Strategy Number CO-3.1 Child Protection and Risk Management Strategy (June 2009). GoodStart Early Learning Procedure Number CO-3.2 Reporting of Harm or Suspected Harm (Mandatory Reporting) (July 2008 reviewed April 2012). GoodStart Early Learning Procedure Number CO-3.3 Maintaining Working with Children Check and Police Clearance (October 2009) Critical Incident Management Policy Confidentiality Policy 4)Referring to the relevant policy and procedure relating to ‘responding to children at risk of harm’, complete the following tasks: a)Summarise the definition of ‘harm’ as per the relevant policy. A child is at risk of ‘harm’ if the circumstances that are causing concern for the safety, or wellbeing of the child are significant. The significance can result from a single act (e.g. leaving a child unattended in a car while dashing into the shops or on a hot day) or omission (e.g. no safety seat in car, or not fastening the seatbelt or child restraint) or an accumulation of these acts. This means the concern is sufficiently serious to warrant a response by a statutory authority such as the Police or Families and Community Services even if the family does not consent to intervention. The incident must not be minor or trivial; it must be seen to be capable of producing a substantial and obvious impact on the child’s safety or wellbeing. This definition of ‘harm’ will include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, neglect or domestic violence and will also include an unborn baby if the acts could affect the baby after birth, e.g. drug or alcohol addiction. b)Outline the processes for managing a child who  discloses information about being abused or neglected or harmed. †¢Listen carefully to the child and assure them that you believe them †¢Allow them to talk but discourage them from sharing this with too many people †¢Do not show alarm, shock, judgement or doubt †¢Do not ask leading questions or seek to elicit further information †¢Do not make them feel inadequate or guilty †¢Stay calm and reassure the child †¢Do not make promises to the child that everything will be all right etc. †¢Reassure the child they have done the right thing by telling you †¢Then let them know in a calm manner that you need to tell someone else who can help them †¢Tell them this person will make sure they are safe †¢Stay close to them to provide a feeling of security †¢The child has a right to confidentiality so do not disclose this information to anyone but the relevant authorities †¢As soon as possible document the conversation you had with the child as accurately as possible †¢If the child has questions and you do not have the answers tell them so – it is ok not to know all the answers just because you are an adult c)Outline the process to follow for reporting a child at risk as per the relevant policy and procedure. †¢As soon after the disclosure as practicable contact the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478 †¢CIT must also be contacted prior to, or immediately after the above report on 1800997372 Additional support will then be provided such as: †¢Once CIT has been contacted they can support the staff member to make the mandatory report or make it on the staff member’s behalf †¢Where applicable CIT is to inform the CIO to ensure appropriate response and investigation †¢CIT will maintain all documentation such as a record of conversations, instructions and information etc. REFERENCES Early Childhood Development Steering Committee, National Quality Standard for Early Childhood Education and Care and School Age Care, Council of Australian Governments, (COAG) (December 2009). GoodStart Training College Module 2 Legal and Ethical Guidelines Training Booklet (October, 2012). http://www.families.sa.gov.au/pages/protectingchildren/LegislationNotifying/ http://www.families.sa.gov.au/pages/protectingchildren/ReportingChildAbuse

The Man of Destiny

The story under the title â€Å"The Fun They Had† was written by a highly prolific American writer, one of the three grand masters of science fiction – Isaac Asimov. The theme is probably â€Å"the influence of technology on the process of teaching. † The story is kind of utopian story, but from the perspective of the children who are the main characters of the story, it is a dystopia, since they thought there was so much more fun back in the days when there were classrooms†¦ but the whole story circles around the theme of technology and how children in this version of the future and how children today interact with that.The key in this text is lyrical, and the narration here is interwinding with the direct speech and the dialogues. To prove that the mood is lyrical let’s look at the descriptions of one of the main character’s feelings related to her mechanical teacher. The author uses colloquial speech and jargonized words, such as â€Å"gee, I guess, I betchaâ€Å" here, to show us that these children are rather ordinary, and looks similar as the children of our age. The text could be divided into three logical parts. The first part of the story begins with the description of two kids who found a real book.It was a little discovery, the girl â€Å"even wrote about it that night in her diary† It should be noted that all the events of the story take place in the future, in the year 2155, that's why a mere book from the past seems quite an interesting object for exploration. And, our heroes, Tommy (13) with Margie (11) read the book, thinking of those who used it many centuries ago. The author uses in this story such feature as pointing out the words by using the italic font. He emphasizes the words, to make us feel deeper and pay extra attention to the very phrase. Margie's grandfather once said that when he was a little boy  his  grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on pap er† as we read this â€Å"the†, we understand that from the point of view of these children it was very-very long ago. From the dialogue of the children we see that they relationship is a friendship. Of course, the author could not avoid from inventing new terms, such as â€Å"telebook†. The second part begins with the picture of the teaching process in the far 2157.From the very beginning of the part, we see the Margie’s feelings to the schooling process. Her attitude to the mechanical teacher leaves much to be desired. Reading the story we come across the problem, tackled by the author. It is a low knowledge level of children, and their uneagerness to study. To prove it we should mention the fact when the County Inspector slowed up Margie's mechanical teacher to an average ten-year level. The girl was 11, but she couldn't or didn't want to cover her own age level, â€Å"she had been doing worse and worse†.And how strong was her hatred towards scho ol! She hoped her teacher wouldn't be back, that â€Å"large and black and ugly† teacher! â€Å"The part she hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. † – This sentence indicates at her being a usual girl with a usual nature, while this is the exact thing commonly disliked at schools. The third part of the text is the speculation of these children about the teaching process â€Å"Centuries ago†. They argue whether the live teacher better than the mechanical one, or not; could the living one be smarter than the machine etc.The narrator lets us see the criticism of this young girl, she could not believe that the human can teach as good as the machine. The key in this part is rather emotional, we can see this in the dialogue of our story-heroes. The author uses such colloquies as â€Å"sure  he is, I betcha†; and again points out the admiration of Tom – â€Å"a regular teacher† This story, written by I. Asi mov makes the reader to think about the teaching process nowadays. If we remember that it was written in the middle of the 20th century, we can say that the details in this story are well chosen.I think that it has a certain purpose – to warn the reader about the possible future problems, because the era of Internet and wide spread of the computers has certain impact on our generation. Of course the mechanical, or computer teachers is the ideal solution for breeding the very clever people, the caste of self-made people, but from the other point of view, these people wouldn’t be so social, and would expect certain problems in communication with other â€Å"ordinary† people. So, it is for us to decide, which way of education is better.

Turning a failing business around Essays

Turning a failing business around Essays Turning a failing business around Essay Turning a failing business around Essay The first thing I will do as the new manager is to concentrate on the reality of the lost of market shares, because of outdated product lines. The next one, I will address is to solve the problem that we are having with adversarial communication and the third one, also needs addressing is the ongoing problem that the business is having with competition for corporate funding. These are very significant problems in having to combine all them in an organizational structure change. After addressing all the problems to be solved, I will describe the steps that re best to perform to changing. Also I will give details of effect the external environment will have on the turn around of the department. The three main problems: Outdated product line As the new manager of an organization the first thing I will do is to analyze the outdated products that failing. I also compare the competitors performance sales of products in the same market. Also review all the products that are enter in the market and decide whether using new technology to compare with our products. Search for the reason why the products are not selling and see what is the customers deed or taste to changing. The newer technology will be a great enhancement in product performance. It is indeed important to ask customers to feedback on the products. As the manager is appropriate to put together a plan and help identify the circumstances and prioritize improving the existing products, and think how the new materials with technology design changes could be better for the product. Reduce the outdated products to a lower cost or drop the outdated products that dont have potential customers. Also as the new manager, set up timeline to develop new rodents if the old products are not meeting the customers demands, and also to think about partnership with other suppliers to help reduce the time frame of development of new products owe. Com, 2010). Adversarial communication Being the new manager I will address the adversarial communication in the organization. I would consider to bring people together that are having conflict about productive, instead of keeping them separate wont fix the problem. Also listen to all sides and let each person tell their side of the story. Get each of the people that are involved to write an answer to solve the problem and this can help the persons that are involved to settle the dispute. Always ask the co-workers to come to the manager before addressing the other staff members. Consider other ways for the employees to communicate in choosing a system to that is comfortable. For example, give memos out everyday and a daily or weekly staff meeting to communicate with each other with adversary. Also give written rules about adversarial communication and let them know that they will be penalized for conflicts they caused. Congratulate the employees that solve their problems, this show that the employees know the manager seen the improvement of them working together (chronic. Com, 2013). Competition for internal resources Being the new manager over a division, I have to understand that our employees are useful internal resources to the organization. It is significant that as a manager to use each employees strength and weakness by placing in a location where they are efficient, and make sure they have the adequate resources to do so. This will save the organization a lot of money right off the back and making use of our capabilities, and hat are right in front of our eyes. As the new manager I will take the proper steps to help improve change the structure, employees, and the technology. I think that the best answer to our financial problems will slowly dissolve themselves. From the start, this will help our division to save money, and as soon as we developed a new product line the top management will be eager about the finances that will follow (McGraw- hill. Mom, 2004). Steps to manage from the old to new organizational structure: As the manager of a division, I will be taking the steps to change the old organization structure to the new organizational structure. First thing to do is preparing the employees at all levels of the organization that it is critical to succeed in the transition in embracing the change of the organizational structure. Also look for input from the employees through solemn feedback syst ems and casual conversation before beginning the planning process. As the manager it is important to accept ideas from employees and taking them seriously, and also ask the employees for innovation ideas for employees to participate in the planning meeting. Also clarify the need for the change in the structure to the employees and clarify each employee individual roles in the project, and how this will benefit the organization as whole. Clarify the positive affect of each employee to heighten their position in the organization. As the manager it is important to send updates about the planning process to the employees through emails and meetings. The second thing to do as the manager is planning and implements the transition which will take time to form the old organizational structure to the new organizational structure. Form a plan to transition the managerial information and duties of the employees, and to assure that all departments has the information maintain and reorganized according to the new structure. Also implement transition one step at time and it is a good idea to put employees through a training session which them information and ample skills for their roles. The third thing to do as the manager is monitoring feedbacks after the implementing the transition, and use the feedback from employees to modify specific aspect of the new structure. Permit employees to voice heir opinion after the transition that can add quality to the structure, and also bring it closer to a structure that is appropriate to efficiently and effectiveness of the operation with keeping the employees satisfied (central. Com, 2013). External environment turn-around plan As the manger of a division, I will identify and evaluate the trends that are beyond control of the organization. There several external factors that could have an impact on the decision of a structure change. First the economic factor is a situation that affects the organization, such as the high inflation, unemployment rate, exchange ate, increase tax, and disposable income. Second the political/legal factors are the government policies could have an impact on the organization and legal aspect is the structure of the organization. Third the technology factor in changing the technology brings opportunities and threats to the organization, for example, the increasingly use of the internet have change the way a lot organizations do their business, and it could also make important information easily to be copy. Fourth the coloratura factor is the trend relating to the population shift, growth rate, and income in the sessions where an organization operates. This trend could be opportunities or threat to the organization. This will help in assessing the external environment and combine the turn around plan when conducting research on these trends to decide on any altering (strategically. Com, 2012). Conclusion: These has to be taken into consider in achieving the turn around of a failing organization. The adversarial communication, outdated product line, and competition for internal resources are the three primary problems; implement a change structure with employees, and technology. Make sure to manage transition and closely observe any change and make to take immediate action.

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example In this regard, the firms will formulate a marketing mix that reaps maximum benefits given the diverse market environment and the organizations resources (Lewis and Sappington, 1994). This brings to the fore certain marketing strategies like segmentation, targeting, and market positioning. This paper will seek to establish whether the marketplace can be inclusive to all consumers. Moreover, this paper will try to establish whether the market should be inclusive to all customers. This paper will focus on the fashion world in order to draw meaningful insights on the aspect of inclusivity and exclusivity of the marketplace. It is important to note that the scope of this study will be on the inclusivity and exclusivity of consumers within the fashion market place. Other markets will therefore not be focused on due to the dimension that this paper will take. The fashion market is a diverse and dynamic field that is constantly changing to accommodate the dynamic tastes, preferences, and needs of the clientele (Johnson and Myatt 2006). Players in this industry have to be abreast with the new trends as well as new emerging markets. This kind of reactiveness makes these firms to remain relevant in the fashion industry (Doeringer & Crean, 2006, p. 54). It is imperative to note that, the participants in the fashion industry have their own predetermined market. The goods that they produce are meant to serve a particular set of consumers. These firms rend to identify a niche and work to satisfy all the specifications that are required in that niche market (Dalgic, 1998, p. 4). In this regard, the success of a certain product in this niche market is because of the desires, wishes, or needs of a liberated customer and the consequence of marketers’ compulsion over an isolated individual. The advantages of adapting niche marketing entailed g rowth prospects, value formation and apparent value, revenues, augmented sales, prices and marketplace stakes, client

My Quest for Self Actualization Personal Statement

My Quest for Self Actualization - Personal Statement Example One other important thing about my personality is that I am a very social person. I think that it is impossible to pursue a successful and meaningful search for self-actualization without engaging in sincere social service and communication. If it were not for society, every person would reduce to nothing but a grave. So it has always been my endeavor to be socially active and relevant, wherever I am and whatever I am doing. Surprisingly, I find sports to be the most suitable avenue for individual achievement in a societal context. My panache for sports has certainly contributed to my innate sense of fair play and ambition. Perhaps that is why the people who know me find me very outgoing and cordial.  I am committed to pursuing my search for self-actualization, achievement and social relevance with a mindset that is quintessentially optimist and positive. I believe that if I am daring in my academic and career choices, doors will open up where earlier were walls.